This paper deals with joint problem solving as a negotiation technique. The thesis is that in order to take advantage of the joint problem solving approach it is a necessary condition that the parties to a negotiation are able to act as a small group in respect of the dispute they are trying to resolve. This thesis reviews the dispute resolution literature using small group theory as a framework of analysis. The framework has three perspectives: the individual traits of a group; the group as a whole; and, evidence of group development. Support is found for all three. The paper concludes with illustrations of theoretical and practical applications of the thesis: a more precise theoretical description of joint problem solving in a negotiation setting, including: a consequential limiting of its scope of application; assessing potential for it; and managing the process.