This thesis has evolved both from my profound interest in history, art and architecture of India and my earlier experiences of conservation works. Nowadays, the issue of conservation of built urban heritage is being given world wide attention. India being an ancient civilization has a rich heritage of mosaic of art, architecture, buildings and historic cities. However, phenomenal growth of cities and rapid urbanization in the recent years have led to an alarming crisis of this cultural heritage. Both past and contemporary conservation practices in India have failed to alleviate this acute problem.This thesis seeks to examine the issue of conservation of historic cities in India with a view to develop an appropriate strategy for their conservation. However, due to monetary and time constraints, the scope and contents of the thesis are limited to some extent. The methodology employed in this research is essentially based on the review of traditional and current literature related to conservation in India, Nepal, Middle East, Europe and North America, discussions and conversations with various professionals and my long association with conservation projects and vivid experiences in the Indian historic cities.With the intent of developing recommendations for a comprehensive conservation oriented planning model, the thesis comprises of a cross cultural comparative analysis of conservation concepts and movements in India and western countries, analysis of International Charters of conservation, examination of current conservation practices and changing urban dynamics of India along with lesson drawings from case studies of Nepal and India. The conservation model developed is a multidisciplinary in nature based on cultural and religious values, indigenous building knowledge and community economic development.