Jackson identifies the community-university engagement factor (CUE factor) as crucial to social innovation. The CUE factor is made up of the three activities of: community-based experiential learning, community-based research, community-based continuing education (these form a triangle). The ability of an institution to engage in these activities is affected by a number of campus factors, including volunteerism, governance, facility access, resource mobilization, rewards and incentives, coordination with community.