Holland and Ramalay make a distinction between more traditional types of university-community relationships such as, public service, outreach and extension and, ‘community engagement’. The former examples, they argue, are important but continue to place the university in the position of expert. Community engagement on the other hand “a distinctive approach to teaching and research” that is characterized by reciprocity and mutual benefit (p. 33). Within a framework of engagement, the community is positioned as ‘knowers’, as much as the beneficiaries of knowledge.The authors note that there is a scale of engagement that includes: volunteerism, engaged learning, engaged scholarship, engaged institutions; all of which are necessary. In order to develop engaged relationships with community, the authors note that a number of conditions may be necessary, including: (1) the possibility of reward or benefit for all participants; (2) individual influence and inspired leadership throughout the institution, not just at the top; (3) an institution that is responsive to the needs of the community it serves; (4) educational planning and purposefulness that recognizes the value of active and responsible community service that has a real community impact; (5) a willingness to adopt a shared agenda and a shared resource base over which the institution has only partial control; and finally, (6) the capacity to change” (p. 41). However, the authors do not detail which strategies may be more appropriate to different types of partnership activities (i.e. engaged learning, research, etc.)Finally, in the last section of the article the authors draw on theories of change in institutions of higher education to argue that a number of different strategies are required, these strategies they classify as routine, strategic and transformational. They conclude with a series of questions for use by institutions seeking to better understand the current level of, and future potential for, community engagement (p. 46). Some of these questions may be useful in informing evaluation processes for CSERP.